Glossary
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A

Additive primary colors: Red, green and blue, which are used to create all other colors when transmitted light is used to form images. Video monitors and television screens use additive colors.

Alignment icon: Small left-pointing arrow at the top of a Sahafi tab in the Tabs dialog box. The alignment icon tells you how text will be aligned in the tab column you're creating. The left-pointing arrow means the text will be left-aligned in the tab column. There are five icons to represent the five types of text alignment in tab columns: left, right, centred, justified, and decimal.

Angle: See halftone screen angle.

Application: Program that performs a specific task, such as graphics, accounting, or word processing. Sahafi is an example of an application.

ASCII: American Standard Code for Information Interchange. A collection of 128 alphanumeric characters and symbols whose internal computer representation is standardized. For example, the ASCII code for the letter A is 65 and the ASCII code for the letter a is 97.

B

Baseline: Imaginary line on which the bottom of most uppercase characters rests. The baseline of a character can be shifted up or down using the Vertical Spacing command in Sahafi's Format menu.

Bit: Smallest unit of computer information. Bit is a contraction of binary digit. In the binary system used by computers, the most basic unit of information is a two-way choice (for example, off/on, yes/no). This binary choice is represented by either of the two digits 0 or 1.

Bitmap: Set of bits in memory representing a graphic data structure, where each pixel is represented by a bit, byte, or word of memory.

Bleed: A part of a printed image that extends beyond the trimmed edge of the page is said to 'bleed' off the paper. To ensure that bleed occurs properly when the paper is trimmed, the image usually extends beyond the trim area by at least an eighth of an inch. Bleed ensures that no white edges show after the page has been trimmed.

Block: See graphic object, object, picture block, text block.

Blueline: Page proof created from film negatives prior to printing. This is the last chance you'll have to correct mistakes since the same negatives will be used to print the page.

Body text: The main text of a publication.

Byte: Unit of computer memory consisting of a fixed number of bits. On the Mac, a byte consists of eight bits and can take any value between 0 and 255. A single character such as the letter A requires one byte of storage on most computer systems.

C

Calibration Bars: Bars which shows combinations of cyan, magenta and yellow. Color bars are printed on each sheet of a process color printing job so that the print operator can ensure proper ink coverage and color. The bars are trimmed off before the job is dispatched. Sometimes the color bar includes black and screen tints of the various combinations. Sometimes called color control targets or, in the US, progressive color bars.

Camera-ready: Graphic, picture, page, or publication which is ready to be reproduced.

Centimeter: Hundredth part of a meter; about two-fifths of an inch.

Character: Single letter, numeral, punctuation mark, or symbol as part of a typeface.

Character set: Set of letters, punctuation marks, and other symbols available in a particular typeface.

Choke: The effect produced on a positive surrounding image which has been shrunk or reduced in width to create trap (traditionally known as grip). See also spread.

Cicero: Standard typographic unit of measurement from the European Didot system. One cicero is the Didot equivalent of a pica. There are 12 corps in a cicero.

Clip art: Pre-drawn art that can be purchased to incorporate in a publication. Some clip art bears a copyright and can only be used under strictly controlled circumstances.

Clipboard: The place where copied or cut text, graphics or objects is stored. You can use the Clipboard to paste text, graphics or objects into a Sahafi document.

CMYK: Method of representing color based on the standard printing ink colors: cyan, magenta, yellow, and black.

Coated stock: Paper that has a clay or plastic coating, giving it a smooth, usually glossy surface. As different surfaces, and particularly the gloss, affect how the printed color appears, you may need to take into account both the printing stock and the colors in an image in order to achieve the required result.

Color bars: See calibration bars.

Color Key: A color overlay proofing system produced by the 3M Company, which uses four acetate overlays, each a halftone of one of the process colors.

Color name tag: A line of information that you can add to color separations, used to identify each color plate. In Sahafi the name tag includes the name of the document, the page number, screen ruling and angle, and date and time.

Color plate: See color separation and plate.

Color proof: A color representation of a document as it will appear when printed, used for checking purposes before running a job on a printing press. See comp.

Color separation: Process of creating, from a color photograph, slide, or full-color artwork, the separate plates needed by a commercial printer to print the job in color. There are two types of color separations: process and spot color. For process color, color images are divided into their four basic printing color components: cyan, magenta, yellow, and black. These are produced as separate plates on paper or film, as positives or negatives. Spot color separation uses one plate for each separated color.

Column: Vertically running section of a page.

Comp: A 'comprehensive' or 'composite' proof or draft, used to preview and check a piece of color artwork before it is printed. Usually taken to mean a print produced on a color printing device, such as a color PostScript printer, rather than a proof made from separated film negatives with an integrated or overlay proofing system.

Column guides: In Sahafi, nonprinting vertical lines in a layout guide, used for arranging text and graphics.

Contone image: A continuous tone image, such as a photograph, consisting of a (virtually) infinite range of colors or grey levels that have not been reduced to halftone dots or pixels.

Copy: Noun: Generic name for a publication's text. Verb: Place the currently selected object onto the clipboard without removing it from the screen.

Corps: Typographic unit of measure equal to approximately 0.15 inch. There are 12 corps in a cicero.

Cromalin: An integral proofing system produced by DuPont

Crop marks: Also called trim marks-small fine lines printed with the main image that show which part of the paper is to be cut off after printing.

Crosshair pointer: Pointer for the tools that create objects in Sahafi- the text block, picture block, and drawing tools. The icon for all these tools becomes a crosshair pointer in the pasteboard and page. You use the crosshair pointer to create objects. See hot spot.

Custom color: See spot color.

D

Dash: Any of several kinds of short horizontal line. Dashes of different lengths include the hyphen, the en dash, and the em dash.

Decimal tab: Tab that aligns columns of numbers at the decimal point position, or columns of words to the left of the tab.

Desk accessory: An application that you can open from the Apple menu when you're in Sahafi The Chooser and the Scrapbook are examples of desk accessories.

Digitize: Convert a drawing, photograph, video source, or other continuous-tone image into a computer graphic.

Directory: Pictorial, alphabetical, or chronological list of the contents of a folder or disk or a file that contains a list of all the names and locations of other files stored on a disk.

Display type: Type that is larger and often more decorative than a publication's body type. The display type is used for headlines, callouts, and so on.

Dithering: Digitally mixing a new color or shade of grey by alternating the value of adjacent pixels. For example, a screen display of alternating yellow and magenta pixels appears to be orange. Similarly, on a black-and-white screen, the higher the ratio of black pixels to white pixels, the darker grey an area appears. A dither can be coarse or fine. If a dither is coarse it effectively reduces resolution.

Document: File created with a Mac application. See file.

Document window: Window displaying a document. You can scroll up or down in a document window to display different parts of the document. You can have more than one document window open at a time, but only one document window can be active.

Dot gain: The increase in density that occurs in any halftone printing process so that the printed result appears darker than the halftone value on film might suggest. Dot gain has two components, one mechanical, the other optical. Mechanically, the dot size can be increased by the printing pressure. Optically, the density of a printed result may be darker than expected depending on the roughness of the printed surface. Very little optical dot gain occurs when printing on metal or plastic surfaces, but a great deal of optical dot gain occurs when printing on newsprint. Newsprint also requires greater printing pressures, which tends to increase the mechanical dot gain.

Dots: See halftone dots and dpi.

Dot shape: Refers to the shape of the dots used in a halftone screen: they may be round, square or elliptical. See also halftone dots.

Dpi: Dots per inch. Dpi is used to specify resolution.

Drag: Move the mouse, with the button depressed, to move or select an object or to choose a menu option.

Draw program: Generic name for an object-oriented graphics program. Images produced in an object-oriented program are stored as mathematical outlines rather than bitmaps and cannot be altered one pixel at a time. Contrast with paint program.

Drop cap: Single letter, larger than normal body type size, dropped into the body of text. It is used to begin a block of text.

Drop shadow: Shaded area behind an image or character designed to call attention to the topmost image.

E

Edition: The data written to an edition container by a publisher.

Edition container: A file that holds edition data, represented on the desktop by an edition icon, An edition container obtains its data from the publisher within a document.

Ellipsis: Three dots (...) designating an omission of a character(s), word(s) or phrase(s) in the text.

Em dash: Dash the width of the letter M.

Emulsion: The light-sensitive layer on photographic film or paper. The emulsion side is usually the dull side when film is examined under a bright light. You'd normally use Emulsion Up reading when imagesetting to paper, and Emulsion Down reading when imagesetting to film. Check with your printers first to determine which they require.

EPSF or EPS: Encapsulated PostScript Format: a file format that stores PostScript information in an image file that a page layout program such as Sahafi can incorporate in a picture block. An EPSF file has two parts: a low resolution (72dpi PICT) picture for screen display, and a resolution-independent PostScript description for the printer or imagesetter. EPSF files can hold information on image color separation and knockouts.

F

Feathering: Adjusting the leading of a column of text to increase its length slightly.

File: Organized, named collection of data. Although files can be stored in all types of memory, most references to files refer to files on floppy or hard disks. In Mac parlance, file is often used synonymously with document.

Fill pattern: Pattern that fills the inside of the text block or graphic object.

Film: The medium used for producing images with an imagesetter, from which printing plates can be made. Negatives or positives may be produced, depending on the type of plates used. See also RC paper.

Flush left: Alignment of material along a left margin (also called rag right and left justified).

Flush right: Alignment of material along a right margin (also called rag left and right justified).

Folder: Mac subdirectory. A folder can contain documents (files), applications, and other folders. You can use Mac folders as you would use actual manila folders, to organize information in a way that is clear and useful to you. See hierarchical file system.

Folio: In typesetting parlance, the page number. The folio may include more than just the page number. For example, it may also include the chapter number.

Font: Complete set of characters in one typeface, size, and style. In Mac parlance, font is often used synonymously with typeface.

Four-color process: Printing process in which a separate plate is made for each of the four basic printing components: cyan, yellow, magenta, and black. The colored image is printed four times to reproduce the full color. See color separation.

Frequency: See halftone screen ruling.

Full black: Full black is used to describe a black separation in which the tones recorded extend down to the lower middle tones, with high contrast to give a dense image. It is used to add density and contrast to moody subjects in high gloss magazine printing. See also long black, skeleton black.

G

GCR and UCR: GCR (grey component replacement) and UCR (under color removal) are separation techniques in which proportions of cyan, magenta and yellow in areas of an image are replaced by the equivalent density of black. Currently GCR and UCR are most commonly used in web offset printing (for magazines and newspapers), and seldom in sheet-fed offset printing. Your printers will be able to advice whether they need GCR and UCR to be used in making color separations.

Ghosting: The shift in ink density that can occur when large solid areas of color interfere with one another.

Glossary: See Text Glossary and Object Glossary.

Gradient: A synthetic image that is filled with progressive levels of gray values or colors.

Graphic object: One of the three types of Sahafi objects-graphic objects, picture blocks, and text blocks. You create a graphic object by using one of the Sahafi drawing tools, such as the rectangle, circle, or vertical line tool. See picture block, text block.

Greymap box: Shows how the original greys in a TIFF picture relate to, or map to, the greys in the picture as displayed on the screen.

Greyscale: Series of shades of grey ranging from black to white. On a computer, the shades of grey are created by varying the intensity of the pixels, rather than by using a combination of black and white pixels. Contrast with dither. See pixel.

Grid: Representation of the underlying design of a page, specified in rows and columns.

Greek text: Simulated text used to show the placement and size of type. Greek text may be a series of letters creating nonsense words, lines, or, in Sahafi, grey boxes. The word greek is also used as a verb, as in "The text in the screen display is greeked."

Guides: Nonprinting vertical or horizontal lines used to align objects.

Gutter: Margin on the inside edge of a page, between the text and the binding, and the space between columns of a multi-columned layout.

H

Halftone: Process in which continuous-tone art is photographed so that the gradations of light and dark in the original are reproduced as a series of dots. This is the method used to reproduce photographs and other tonal art in most kinds of printing. Digital halftoning uses dot clusters to produce this effect.

Halftone dots: The dots which form the image in the separations and on the printed page. The size and spacing of the dots depend on the halftone screen frequency (screen ruling) used for the image. Halftone dots are distinct from the imaging device's dots, or spots, which are the smallest mark that the device is capable of producing. Individual halftone dots can be any shape from round through square to elliptical. Round dots are favored by newspaper printers, but square and elliptical dots are used in magazine and brochure work.

Halftone frequency: See halftone screen ruling.

Halftone screen angle: The angle between horizontal and each row of dots of a halftone separation. Each of the C, M, Y and K (black) separations has a specific angle, oriented to minimize moiré effects in printing. The software provides automatic calculation of the optimum angles for each separation.

Halftone screen ruling: Refers to the fineness or coarseness of the halftone dot pattern; more precisely, the spacing of the halftone dots. Usually measured in lpi (lines per inch) or lpcm (lines per centimeter). The term originates from the time when halftone screens were made on glass by 'ruling machines'. Usually defined in lines per inch (lpi). Screen ruling should not be confused with resolution.

Hand tool: In Sahafi, a tool shaped like a hand, used for dragging a page within a window.

Handle: Point on an object that appears on the screen as a small black square when the object is selected. By moving the handle you can alter the shape or proportions of the object.

Hanging indent: Format in which the body of text is recessed relative to an element on the left, such as a bullet or number, in a list. Thus the text seems to "hang" off the number or bullet.

Hierarchical file system: File organization system that lets you organize computer files and applications in nested folders. See file and folder.

Hot spot: Place on a pointer that causes something to happen when you click or press the mouse button.

HSB: Method of representing color by varying proportions of Hue, Saturation and Brightness. Sometimes referred to as HSV: Hue, Saturation and Value.

I

Icon: Graphic image that represents an object or concept. A screen icon in a mouse-based application may represent an object such as a document, disk, or application. Clicking on that icon allows you to access it. An icon may also represent a concept, such as a wristwatch for "wait."

Imagesetter: A device for generating high resolution printed output, both graphic and typographic, on film or RC paper. (Older devices called typesetters were generally restricted to producing type and could not print complex graphics.)

Import documents: Include the text of other Mac documents in a Sahafi document using the Import Text command.

Indicator: In Sahafi, the thick horizontal arrow next to some menu items. The indicator tells you that if you click on that item, a submenu appears.

Initial cap: In typesetting parlance, a single letter, larger than normal body text size, used to begin a block of text. Note that the typesetting definition differs from that used in editing parlance, where initial cap refers to a capital letter at the beginning of a word.

Insertion point: Flashing line indicating where the characters you type will appear. The insertion point is moved by moving the mouse and clicking the I-beam pointer in a new location.

J

Justify: Set text with uniform left and right margins. To achieve this, extra space may be distributed between letters and/or words. Right justified and left justified refer to text aligned against the right and left margin, respectively.

K

Kern: Decrease the amount of space between adjacent letters.

Kerning pairs: Pairs of characters whose assigned character spacing results in too much inter-character white space.

Knockout: In color separation, the masking of underlying objects in an image by those overlapping them. The overlapped parts are thus 'knocked out' and do not form part of the separation (and therefore do not print as part of the image). Sometimes known as white out. See also overprint.

L

Layout: Arrangement of text and pictorial elements on a page.

Layout guide: Sahafi nonprinting guide made up of vertical column guides and horizontal row guides, used for arranging text and graphics. Unlike a Sahafi grid, the layout guide doesn't have to be set up on the master pages. You can create and use a layout guide on any page of a document.

Leader: Series of dots, dashes or some other character that leads the reader's eye across a column or page, tying together two elements. Used in price lists, phone books, etc.

Leading: Vertical space between lines of text.

Letterspacing: Increases the amount of space between adjacent letters. See track.

Line art: Illustrations containing only blacks and whites, with no intermediate tones.

Link: Join text blocks in a "chain" so that the text flows from one block to another. If you alter the text in one linked block, the other blocks are adjusted automatically.

Long black: Long black is used to describe a black separation in which the toners recorded extend down to the lower middle tones. It helps the rendering of near neutral colors in the middle tones.

lpi/lpcm: Lines per inch (or lines per centimeter)-usually applied to screen rulings. It is varied depending on the printing surface and the viewing distance of the printed product.

M

MPD files: Manhattan Graphics Printer Description files. MPD files enable Sahafi to take advantage of printer-specific color separation output capabilities.

Margin: Blank area from the edge of the page to the edge of the text (not including indents).

Margin guide: Nonprinting line indicating the margin of a page or column. See Snap To zone.

Markup: Instructions added to manuscript copy such as typestyle, leading, line lengths, and alignment.

Master page: In Sahafi, the template for all the pages in a particular document. The left master page is the template for all even-numbered pages and the right master page is the template for all odd-numbered pages. You can put all text, graphics, and guides that you want repeated on every page (for example, headings, logos, grids, page numbers) on the master pages.

Measure icon: Small, down-pointing arrow in the middle of a Sahafi tab marker in the Tabs ruler. You use the measure icon to create tab columns. If you leave the measure icon above the indent arrow, the tab measure is preset as the distance from the indent arrow (tab indent) to the right edge of the text block. The column width (the tab measure) is shown above the ruler in the Measure text box. A measure of 0 means the preset measure is being used.

Memory: Computer hardware component used to store information for later retrieval. Memory is measured in number of bytes rounded to the nearest power of 2. Thus 65,536 bytes of memory is abbreviated to 64K. (K is metric for 1,000.) See ROM and RAM.

Moiré patterns: Distracting and unwanted patterns which appear in print when the halftone screens are overlaid at the wrong angles. May also occur due to a clash between the halftone screen and a texture in the picture.

Movie: Time-based data to be managed by QuickTime. A movie may contain sound, video, and animation.

N No entries
O

Object: Item that can be manipulated, independent of the rest of the document. Sahafi has three types of objects: text blocks, picture blocks, and graphic objects.

Object boundary: Dotted rectangle that appears when you select a graphic object. It encloses the outermost edges of the object. Polygons are enclosed by handles rather than by dotted bounding rectangles.

Object glossary: Collection of objects or groups of objects that you can use more than once.

Object pointer: Tool used to select another tool, an object, or a group of objects.

Offset printing: Also known as offset litho(graphy). The type of printing most commonly used for color reproduction, in which an intermediate roller transfers an image from the printing plate to the paper.

OPI: Open Pre-press Interface is a standardized means of transferring information from color desktop publication to high-end pre-press systems. This lets you take advantage of both technologies' strengths in producing color print. To make use of OPI with Sahafi you use the Print to Disk feature.

Overprint: To print a color on top of another previously-printed color, which usually results in subtractive mixing of the colors to yield another color. This is in contrast to knockout printing, in which underlying areas of one color plate are left blank (unprinted) so that succeeding printed colors appear unchanged in their own color.

P

Page: On the Sahafi desktop, the rectangular area on the pasteboard that looks like a sheet of paper. A page includes the print area and the margins.

Page scroll bar: In Sahafi, a desktop feature showing the number and order of the current document pages. The page scroll bar is a row of page icons that represent the master page(s) and the actual pages of the document. You can use it to go to a page by selecting that page's icon.

Page size: Option in the Page Setup dialog box allowing you to select the page size for your document.

Paint program: Program that allows you to produce bitmapped graphics. Bitmapped graphics can be altered by changing one or more pixels at a time. Contrast with draw program.

Palette: In Sahafi, a collection of small symbols used to represent or choose attributes such as fill patterns enclosed in rectangles that present you with a series of choices, as in the Fill Pattern palette.

Pasteboard: Area surrounding the page of a document on the Sahafi desktop. The pasteboard is a temporary work area where you can create and store objects for use in your document. Objects on the pasteboard do not print.

Phototypesetting: Process of creating type and/or graphic images using photosensitive paper or film. The density of the dots per inch used in phototypesetting is typically 1200 or more.

Pica: Unit of measurement used in typesetting, equal to approximately 1/6 (0.167) of an inch. One pica can be subdivided into twelve points.

PICT: An Apple file format that holds pictures as mathematical descriptions. PICT2 format files can include grey level and color information.

Picture block: Sahafi object used to house pictures. You can import MacPaint, PICT, TIFF, RIFF, or EPSF format files into picture blocks.

Pixel: Contraction of picture element. The smallest dot on a graphics screen or other output device. A pixel is also a location in memory corresponding to a point on the screen. A pixel is represented by one bit for the Mac monochrome display and by two or four bits for color or greyscale display.

Plate: A thin light-sensitive metal sheet that is usually exposed to a film negative such as a color separation and processed to form a printing plate. When placed on a printing press, the plate transfers ink in the correct pattern to the printing surface (paper or other material). Often used, confusingly, as a synonym for a film separation.

Point: Unit of measure of type size. A pica point is equal to approximately 1/72 (0.014) of an inch. A cicero point is equal to approximately 3/20 (0.15) of an inch.

Pointer: Icon that moves around the screen when you move a mouse. Objects, tools, or commands can be selected with a pointer.

Polygon editing tool: Tool used to select a polygon and change its shape.

Posterize: Process in which you limit the number of different shades in an image to create high-contrast, poster-like effects.

PostScript: Language used to describe graphic and typographic elements on a page, developed by Adobe Systems. PostScript drives the LaserWriter, Linotronic, and other PostScript-compatible printers. PostScript information can also be stored in Encapsulated PostScript Format (EPSF) files.

Print area: Area of a page that can be printed. It displays on the screen as a dotted or color-outlined rectangle within the page. Most printers cannot print to the edge of the paper.

Print process: In this guide, the whole business of transferring a document from screen to print, involving color separation, proofing and the press run itself.

Printer setting: A printer setting contains information about the imagesetter, the required halftones screens, and all the density tables required to achieve linear output for the specific printing process. Sahafi's MPDs each refer to a specific printer setting.

Print to disk: In Sahafi, an option which lets you create a PostScript file from a document, rather than print it to an imaging device. The PostScript file can be transferred to high-end press-press systems which use the OPI protocol.

Process color: Color produced by running the paper through the printing press four times using cyan, magenta, yellow, and black inks. These four colors, when mixed in different proportions in a halftone-like dot arrangement, can produce any other color. See color separation and four- color process.

Process color separations: The image separations, one for each process color, used in printing color images. They may be positive or negative, and are usually on film. See color separation.

Program: List of instructions that a computer can execute. In Mac parlance, program is often used synonymously with application.

Progressive color bars: See color bars.

Publish: To make data available to other documents and applications through a publisher.

Publisher: A portion of a document that makes its data available to other documents or applications. A publisher stores its data in an edition whenever a user creates or edits the data in the publisher and then saves it.

Q

QuickTime: A Mac system extension with which applications can control time-based data.

R

Rag left, rag right: See Flush right or Flush left respectively.

Ragged margin: Uneven line length along a margin.

RAM: Random Access Memory. The active, working memory of the computer where your data, the current program, the operating system, and the screen image reside.

RC paper: Resin-coated paper. A photographic medium used for printing with an imagesetter, which results in a positive image on white paper. See also film.

Recto: Right-hand (odd) page of a document.

Registration: Registration is the precise placement of the four printing plates on a press, so that each color prints in the correct relation to all the others. Poor registration results in blurred-looking double images. Sahafi lets you print registration marks and color names on each of the separations, so that operators can easily identify the film negatives and plates and line them up accurately.

Registration marks: Marks placed in the page margins to align color- separated pages or tiled pages.

Resolution: Number of pixels (often specified in dpi) that can be displayed on a computer screen or other output device. The higher the resolution, the finer the image.

Reverse: Light-colored or white type or graphics on a dark-colored background.

RGB: Abbreviation of Red-Green-Blue. A method of displaying color on a video screen by transmitting the three colors red, green, and blue as separate signals.

RIFF: Raster Image File Format: a compact image file format.

Right-reading: As in 'right-reading, emulsion side down': a phrase meaning that an image 'reads' correctly when the film is emulsion side down.

ROM: Abbreviation of Read Only Memory. A type of computer memory that retains its information when the power is off, and cannot be changed by the user.

Rotation tool: Sahafi tool used to select an object and rotate it.

Rulers: In Sahafi and other page-layout and word-processing applications, a graphic representation of rulers that helps you set margins, line spacing, and tabs.

Ruler starting point: Lowest point on a vertical or horizontal ruler on the Sahafi document window. The starting point default is zero, but you can change it as needed.

Runaround: Automatic flow of text around a picture, graphic object, or other text on a page.

S

Screen: See halftone.

Screen angles: To render the image properly, the cyan, magenta, yellow and black halftone screens must each be at an angle to one another: in fact it's very important they're at exactly the correct angle (if you examine the printed image closely you'll then see the cyan, magenta, yellow and black dots in circular patterns called rosettes). If the halftone dots are incorrectly angled, the printed image shows an undesirable moiré pattern. The Auto LPI feature in both ColorStudio and Sahafi provides the optimum angles automatically for any chosen halftone screen ruling.

Screen frequency: See halftone screen ruling.

Screen ruling: See halftone screen ruling.

Screen tint: A screened percentage of a solid color.

Scroll: Move a document or directory in its window so that you can view another part of it.

Selection: Noun: Object(s) or text selected by the user to be affected by the next command. Selections are usually highlighted or marked by outlines. Verb: Highlight text or click an object or group of objects.

Selection box: Dotted rectangle that appears and changes size as you drag to select an object.
Shrink: See choke.

Skeleton black: Skeleton black is used to describe a black separation in which only the darkest areas of the image are recorded. It tends to suit highly colored pictures. See also full black, long black.

Snap To Zone: Area on either side of a column or row guide, within which an object automatically "snaps to" a position flush against the guide. You can change the width of the Snap To zone and you can turn it on or off.

Solarize: Reversing the greys in a selected range.

Specification sheet: Listing of type or graphics specifications for an object including position, size, and other attributes.

Spot color: A 'self color' created by mixing printing inks, such as PANTONE Colors, to match a color directly, rather than by overprinting process colors. Often used for highlighting purposes. (However, many magazines now print 'spot colors' which are actually tints of the process colors-if a four color press is in use, this is cheaper than re-printing just to include the spot color.)

Spread: Two facing pages in a document, or the effect produced in a positive image which has been enlarged or fattened to create trap (which is also known as grip). See also choke.

Status bar: Area in the lower left of the Sahafi desktop that gives additional information about the object or objects you're working with (for example, the object's dimensions). Informational and error messages also appear in the status bar.

Stats: Photostats of graphics and/or text.

Stock: The paper or other material on which printing takes place. See also dot gain.

Stripping: The business of assembling and positioning negatives for platemaking so that they will print an image properly.

Stylesheet: Listing of font, type style, type size, and formats that you define, name, and store. By using a stylesheet, you can apply a pre-set style to any selected text in a document.

Submenu: Subsidiary menu displayed by selecting an option on a menu. Menus and submenus can be nested hierarchically.

Subscribe: To obtain data that a publisher makes available in an edition.

Subscriber: A portion of a document that automatically obtains current data from other documents and applications. A subscriber reads data from an edition.

System folder: Folder containing the System File and the Finder and often other applications and utilities. A disk should contain only one system folder.

T

Tab column: Column created by using tabs to set the left and right margins.

Tab indent: Large arrow marking the position of a tab column.

Tab measure: Measure specifying the width of a tab column.

Tab stop: Same as a tab indent.

Text block: Sahafi object you create to house text. Text blocks can be linked together to provide continuous flow of text from page to page.

Text glossary: A range of formatted text that you can use more than once.

Thumbnail: Miniature copy of a page often used for planning the overall document, for positioning, or for referencing pages of a document.

Thumbnails window: Window showing thumbnails of each page of a document. You can scroll through the Thumbnails window to view all of the pages.

TIFF: Tag Image File Format: a file format for scanned images.

Tile: Section of a printed page. You use tiles when the page you're printing is larger than the paper your printer can handle. You print the large page in sections and paste them together using traditional methods after printing.

Tiling: Using tiles for printing. See tile.

Tool bar: In Sahafi, the bar at the top of the desktop that contains the tools you use to create and work with objects.

Track: Decreases the amount of space between characters; letterspacing increases the amount of space between characters.

Tracking line: Small, dotted line that moves along the ruler as you move the pointer over the pasteboard and page.

Trap: Trap is applied to the edges of adjacent areas of color which in the finished result should appear to be touching. The lighter color is spread or choked, overlapping the edge of the darker color. If it is not applied, the result may show 'white lining' where the adjacent areas don't quite register on the printing press. Usually applied photographically, it can now be produced automatically by color separation software running on computers such as the Mac.

Trapping: In the printing industry, trapping occurs when two or more colors are overprinted. The second and subsequent colors are printed on an inked surface, and tend to transfer less well than the same ink printed on to bare paper. This causes a color error called trapping or ink trapping.

Trim size: Size of the paper used in a document.

Type specs: Specifications for type, including typeface, size, and style (i.e., bold, italic).

Type style: Character modifications such as bold, italic, and so on.

Typeface: Complete set of characters in a particular style. Typefaces come in families of different weights (light, medium, and bold), different point sizes, and different slants (roman, italic, or other oblique).

U

UCR: See GCR.

Uncoated stock: Paper that is not treated to improve its surface, so that it is less smooth and absorbs ink more readily.

V

Verso: Left-hand (even) page of a document.

Virtual memory: Ability of a program or computer system to make use of disk memory as if it were RAM.

W

Window: See document window, Thumbnails window, and dialog box.

Wrap: Automatic continuation of text from one line to the next. Wrapping makes it unnecessary to hit the Return key at the end of each line.